SR-IOV 技術是一種基於硬體的虛擬化解決方案，可提高性能和可伸縮性。SR-IOV 標準允許在虛擬機器之間高效共用 PCIe（Peripheral Component Interconnect Express，快速外設元件互連）設備，並且它是在硬體中實現的，可以獲得能夠與本機性能媲美的 I/O 性能。SR-IOV 規範定義了新的標準，根據該標準，創建的新設備可允許將虛擬機器直接連接到 I/O 設備。

SR-IOV 規範由 PCI-SIG 在 http://www.pcisig.com 上進行定義和維護。

單個 I/O 資源可由許多虛擬機器共用。共用的設備將提供專用的資源，並且還使用共用的通用資源。這樣，每個虛擬機器都可訪問唯一的資源。因此，啟用了 SR-IOV 並且具有適當的硬體和 OS 支援的 PCIe 設備（例如乙太網埠）可以顯示為多個單獨的物理設備，每個都具有自己的 PCIe 配置空間。

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Mar 14 Wed 2018 13:12
Serdes

Serdes

簡介

隨著電子行業技術的發展，特別是在傳輸介面的發展上，IEEE1284被 USB 介面取代，PATA被 SATA 取代，PCI被 PCI-Express 所取代，無一都證明了傳統平行介面的速度已經達到一個瓶頸了，取而代之的是速度更快的序列介面，於是原本用於光纖通信的SerDes 技術成為了為高速序列介面的主流。序列介面主要應用了差分信號傳輸技術，具有功耗低、抗干擾強，速度快的特點，理論上序列介面的最高傳輸速率可達到10Gbps 以上。

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Dec 27 Tue 2016 15:30
Extended Channel Interpretations (ECI) Encoding

ECI	Reference
000000	Represents the default encodation scheme
000001	Represents the GLI encodation scheme of a number of symbologies with characters 0 to 127 being identical to those of ISO/IEC 646 : 1991 IRV (equivalent to ANSI X3.4) and characters 128 to 255 being identical to those values of ISO 8859-1
000002	An equivalent code table to ECI 000000, without the return-to-GLI 0 logic. It is the default encodation scheme for encoders fully compliant with this standard.
000003	ISO/IEC 8859-1 Latin alphabet No. 1
000004	ISO/IEC 8859-2 Latin alphabet No. 2
000005	ISO/IEC 8859-3 Latin alphabet No. 3
000006	ISO/IEC 8859-4 Latin alphabet No. 4
000007	ISO/IEC 8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic alphabet
000008	ISO/IEC 8859-6 Latin/Arabic alphabet
000009	ISO/IEC 8859-7 Latin/Greek alphabet
000010	ISO/IEC 8859-8 Latin/Hebrew alphabet
000011	ISO/IEC 8859-9 Latin alphabet No. 5
000012	ISO/IEC 8859-10 Latin alphabet No. 6
000013	ISO/IEC 8859-11 Latin/Thai alphabet
000014	Reserved
000015	ISO/IEC 8859-13 Latin alphabet No. 7 (Baltic Rim)
000016	ISO/IEC 8859-14 Latin alphabet No. 8 (Celtic)
000017	ISO/IEC 8859-15 Latin alphabet No. 9
000018	ISO/IEC 8859-16 Latin alphabet No. 10
000019	Reserved
000020	Shift JIS (JIS X 0208 Annex 1 + JIS X 0201)
000021	Windows 1250 Latin 2 (Central Europe)
000022	Windows 1251 Cyrillic
000023	Windows 1252 Latin 1
000024	Windows 1256 Arabic
000025	ISO/IEC 10646 UCS-2 (High order byte first)
000026	ISO/IEC 10646 UTF-8 (See information above)
000027	ISO/IEC 646:1991 International Reference Version of ISO 7-bit coded character set
000028	Big 5 (Taiwan) Chinese Character Set
000029	GB (PRC) Chinese Character Set
000030	Korean Character Set

https://strokescribe.com/en/ECI.html

http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSBJG3_2.5.0/com.ibm.gen_studug.doc/c_grd_barcodes_qr_code.htm

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Mar 15 Tue 2016 13:47
FM的RDS/RBDS

原文

http://ownly-kuan.blogspot.tw/2013/11/rdsrbds.html

http://priv.tw/blog/archives/406/fm-rds/

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Mar 15 Tue 2016 13:42
IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac 有什麼差別

原文

http://bryceknowhow.blogspot.tw/2013/11/wi-fi-ieee-80211-abgnac.html

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11

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Mar 15 Tue 2016 13:32
藍牙4.1深入詳解

原文

http://sina.com.hk/news/article/20131223/0/5/0/-38766.html?cf=o.digital

http://www.2cm.com.tw/markettrend_content.asp?sn=1406230028

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Mar 15 Tue 2016 13:30
藍牙多模應用與認證規範面面觀

原文

http://www.technical-direct.com/2011-09/%E8%97%8D%E7%89%99%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A1%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%88%87%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%89%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E9%9D%A2%E9%9D%A2%E8%A7%80/

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Oct 30 Fri 2015 16:10
PCIE ASPM

http://www.mem.com.tw/article_content.asp?sn=0701020591

標準平行的PCI介面納入許多遵循PCI匯流排電源管理介面規格的省電功能，因此，除了根聯合體(Root Complex)之外，其他所有的PCIe裝置都必須支援這些省電功能。此外，PCIe定義一套名為主動式電源管理(Active State Power Management, ASPM)的機制。主動式電源管理則是進一步擴充PCI電源的管理規格。ASPM與標準PCI電源管理規格之間的主要差別在於ASPM是自動運作的機制。

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Jan 09 Thu 2014 13:26
BMP 簡介

《簡介》

點陣圖（bitmap）格式是 Windows 採用的圖像檔案儲存格式，在 Windows 環境下運行的所有圖像處理軟件都支持這種格式。Windows 3.0 以前的 BMP 格式與顯示設備有關，因此稱為設備相關點陣圖（Device-Dependent Bitmap, DDB）格式。Windows 3.0 以後的 BMP 格式則與顯示設備無關（Device-Independent Bitmap, DIB），目的是為了讓 Windows 能夠在任何類型的顯示設備上顯示點陣圖檔案。點陣圖檔案的預設副檔名是 BMP 或 bmp。

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Dec 10 Tue 2013 10:41
EDID

EDID 1.3 資料格式

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDID

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Oct 25 Fri 2013 09:04
醫療數位影像傳輸協定（DICOM，Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine）

DICOM 影像格式標籤 ( Tags ) 分析

要對醫學影像做進一步的處理，就必須了解DICOM 影像的格式與資訊，在DICOM 的影像

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Jan 02 Wed 2013 17:14
YUV pixel formats 各種YUV 格式排列

http://www.fourcc.org/yuv.php
詳細內容請看上網址

Packed YUV Formats

Label	FOURCC in Hex	Bits per pixel	Description
AYUV	0x56555941	32	Combined YUV and alpha
CLJR	0x524A4C43	8	Cirrus Logic format with 4 pixels packed into a u_int32. A form of YUV 4:1:1 wiht less than 8 bits per Y, U and V sample.
cyuv	0x76757963	16	Essentially a copy of UYVY except that the sense of the height is reversed - the image is upside down with respect to the UYVY version.
GREY	0x59455247	8	Apparently a duplicate of Y800 (and also, presumably, "Y8 ")
IRAW	0x57615349	?	Intel uncompressed YUV. I have no information on this format - can you help?
IUYV	0x56595549	16	Interlaced version of UYVY (line order 0, 2, 4,....,1, 3, 5....) registered by Silviu Brinzei of LEAD Technologies.
IY41	0x31345949	12	Interlaced version of Y41P (line order 0, 2, 4,....,1, 3, 5....) registered by Silviu Brinzei of LEAD Technologies.
IYU1	0x31555949	12	12 bit format used in mode 2 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec. This is equivalent to Y411
IYU2	0x32555949	24	24 bit format used in mode 0 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec
HDYC	0x43594448	16	YUV 4:2:2 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every second pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 2 pixels in 1 u_int32. This is a suplicate of UYVY except that the color components use the BT709 color space (as used in HD video).
UYNV	0x564E5955	16	A direct copy of UYVY registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which did not like hardware which offered more than 2 UYVY surfaces.
UYVP	0x50565955	24?	YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in U0Y0V0Y1 order. Registered by Rich Ehlers of Evans & Sutherland. (Awaiting confirmation of component packing structure)
UYVY	0x59565955	16	YUV 4:2:2 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every second pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 2 pixels in 1 u_int32.
V210	0x30313256	32	10-bit 4:2:2 YCrCb equivalent to the Quicktime format of the same name.
V422	0x32323456	16	I am told that this is an upside down version of UYVY.
V655	0x35353656	16?	16 bit YUV 4:2:2 format registered by Vitec Multimedia. I have no information on the component ordering or packing.
VYUY	0x59555956	?	ATI Packed YUV Data (format unknown but you can get hold of a codec supporting it here)
Y422	0x32323459	16	Direct copy of UYVY as used by ADS Technologies Pyro WebCam firewire camera.
YUY2	0x32595559	16	YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
YUYV	0x56595559	16	Duplicate of YUY2
YUNV	0x564E5559	16	A direct copy of YUY2 registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which did not like hardware which offered more than 2 YUY2 surfaces.
YVYU	0x55595659	16	YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
Y41P	0x50313459	12	YUV 4:1:1 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every fourth pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 8 pixels in 3 u_int32s.
Y411	0x31313459	12	YUV 4:1:1 with a packed, 6 byte/4 pixel macroblock structure.
Y211	0x31313259	8	Packed YUV format with Y sampled at every second pixel across each line and U and V sampled at every fourth pixel.
Y41T	0x54313459	12	Format as for Y41P but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
Y42T	0x54323459	16	Format as for UYVY but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
YUVP	0x50565559	24?	YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in Y0U0Y1V0 order. Registered by Rich Ehlers of Evans & Sutherland.
Y800	0x30303859	8	Simple, single Y plane for monochrome images.
Y8	0x20203859	8	Duplicate of Y800 as far as I can see.
Y16	0x20363159	16	16-bit uncompressed greyscale image.